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Because of the Internet, making information available to others can now be done with ease. Information and ideas can now taking on a variety of different forms. From infographics to digital storytelling, there is a wide variety of mediums where information can be published. This opens up a number of possibilities for the classroom as well. 

Promoting students to become web authors will move them from into the "creator" group within the context of the 90-9-1 Principle of Social Participation. Charles Arthur from The Guardian (2006) notes that finding users to build content on the web can be challenging. This is why it is important for teachers to educate students about how to interact with content online, as well as create their own. There are a number of tools that teachers have at their disposal, such as: Weebly, Wordpress, SchoolNotes, Audacity and YouTube. Allowing students to chose which application best serves their need appropriately is an important first step in web publishing. However, there are also several ways in which the teacher can model this for their students, with one method being WebQuests. 

According to Bernie Dodge, WebQuests are a form of inquiry based learning where users rely on the Internet as a source of information. They offer a great way for students to work independently or in groups. The Educational Broadcasting Corporation outlines (2012) six essential ingredients to an effective WebQuest, which include:
  1. Introduction 
  2. Task
  3. Process
  4. Resources
  5. Evaluation
  6. Conclusion


These different sections of the WebQuest chunk important pieces of information together, and make the assignment for manageable for students. In addition, they are logically organized, which should alleviate any potential problems or troubles for students. A more detailed explanation of these six components can be found HERE. 

In the past I've used WebQuests, and have found them to be an effective educational tool. The WebQuest assignment had the highest completion rate in my Social 10-1 and 10-2 classes. While the students were working in the computer lab virtually everyone was engaged in their work. After reading more about WebQuests in this topic, and from the posted articles, I think they are something I will try to use more of in the future. 

Infographics are another form of web publishing that I tend to use in my lessons. They convey data in a visually appealing way. Rather than spreadsheets and 2-D. black and white graphs, infographics use colors, pictures, diagrams, logos and eye-catching visuals to turn the ordinary into an interesting representation. Ashley MacQuarrie (2012) explains how infographics can spark conversation, introduce new topics, serve as starting points for research, and give students practice at reading charts and interpreting data. MacQuarrie's site also offers a number of websites where teachers can find infographics, and where students can create their own. Having students create their own requires them to employ a number of important skills. For example, they will need to research, organize and synthesize information, visually present information, and maybe even collaborate with others. Here is an example of an infographic that could be used in Social Studies:

Digital storytelling is another method students can use to communicate information. This involves a combination of creativity, research, narration and visuals. Ferrington (2011) argues that, in general, sharing stories and experiences is a fundamental part about being human, and that digital storytelling  can be conceptualized as an extension of the ancient practice of storytelling but infused and enhanced with images and sound. I think that this last idea is key. Contemporary students are so accustomed to being surrounded with external stimuli that incorporating images and different sounds into a story seems to make sense. They use social media on a daily basis, and are able to use channels such as Twitter, Instagram and Vine which include aspects of digital storytelling. Therefore, I find that digital storytelling in the classroom has a very relevant and practical purpose. Not only does it give students a voice, but it is also something they are already very familiar with. Another way education is changing is through the flipped classroom.  

The flipped classroom is a innovative way of thinking, made possible through the Internet. This method is unique because students are able to familiarize themselves with the basic content before they even enter the classroom because of streaming media mediums. There are many who support the idea of a flipped classroom, but also a number who oppose it. Personally, I can see value in the flipped classroom. However, despite this it also has certain drawbacks. For instance, . Overall, I don't think I would use flip teaching for a number of reasons.

Firstly, in flip teaching often the students are passively watching a video, or listening to audio, without the ability to ask immediate questions. One of the most important pieces to instruction is a dialogue between students and teachers. In the flipped classroom this only happens after the learning has taken place, but not during it. Secondly, the flipped classroom is predicated on the belief that each student has the ability to access the content. However, this is not always the case. Students who are living in a low socio-economic environment, or work outside of school may not have the means or the time. Lastly, it fails to recognize the different learning styles that students possess. Hertz (2012) notes that sitting in front of a computer screen is not how everyone learns best. Nevertheless, flipped teaching is something that will be sticking around because of the  accessibility of steaming media. 

In conclusion, publishing content of the Internet, whether through educational videos, blogs, infographics or digitial storytelling is something students need to see the value in. Publishing is what perpetuates the Internet and allows it to grow at an astonishing rate. However, it is not enough to simply know how to publish or choosing what to publish. Students should also see why it is important to publish and be more than part of the 90% audience group. 


References

Fig 1. web.png. Retrieved on July 13, 2013. From http://trypnotikvisual.com/wp-content/uploads/web.png

Fig.2. Poverty-in-Canada-infographic-LRG.gif. Retrieved on July 13, 2013. From http://ww3.tvo.org/sites/default/files/Poverty-in-Canada-infographic-LRG.gif

Arthur, Charles. (2006, July 20). What is the 1% rule? The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/jul/20/guardianweeklytechnologysection2

Dodge, Bernie. (2007). What is a WebQuest? Retrieved from http://www.webquest.org

Ferrington, Gary. (2011). "Digital Storytelling". Information Age Education. Retrieved from http://i-a-e.org/articles/46-feature-articles/50-digital-storytelling.html 

Hertz, Mary Beth. (2012, June 12). The Flipped Classroom: Pro and Con. Retrieved from 
http://www.edutopia.org/blog/flipped-classroom-pro-and-con-mary-beth-hertz

MacQuarrie, Ashley. (2012). Infographics in Education. Retrieved from 
http://blog.k12.com/2012/07/10/infographics-education#.UeGkEtKOSSo

"What are the essential parts of a WebQuest?"Concept to Classroom Workshop: Webquests. Educational Broadcasting Corporation. 2004. Retrieved 13 March 2012.

Significant Comments:


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Aaron Rosenke
7/15/2013 12:34:37 pm

Hey Josh, you did a really great job on this post. You did a lot of extra work in wrangling resources and citations; it really shows. One point that I want to ask you about is centered around your comment about flipped classrooms. You mentioned that there is a loss of interaction when content is provided online in the form of videos. While I cannot disagree with this notion, is there a time or type of lesson where this might not be such a terrible thing?

I initially wrote off the idea of flipped classrooms based in the fact that as a PE teacher, I did not want to force my students into too much extra work. When I began to think about it though, I realized that by providing small video clips for skills taught the next day, not only am I giving them time to think about the content and getting ready for their questions upon arrival, but I am also freeing up more time for them to be active during class. That's just one way, can you think of any others, or am I out to lunch on this? Haha.

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Josh Morales
7/16/2013 12:22:56 pm

Aaron,

Thanks for the feedback. Still rocking the beard?

I definitely think that there is value in providing videos beforehand in order to free up class time to do more interesting and creative things. This is especially true in PE. I think you bring forward a good point when you mentioned the length of the video. A short, concise video that explains a concept or skills could be extremely beneficial for the flow of the lesson.

Thanks for broadening my perspective on flipped classrooms. Hope your summer has been great.

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7/15/2013 12:45:35 pm

Interesting read Josh! I appreciated your insight in regards to publishing tools and selecting the platform based on what fits best with the learner. Thanks for the link on the six components of WebQuests, I have it bookmarked! I have not really used infographics in my lessons, but I will definitely look into it. I totally agree that with flipped classes, many students would be passive learners, however, do you think that would shift if they were assigned class time to watch the videos and then complete a task based on the skills they just learned? How do you plan to encourage students to be in the 10% active group rather than the 90% audience group you mentioned?

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Josh Morales
7/16/2013 12:19:10 pm

Hi Jen,

In response to your first questions, I think that giving passive learners class time to watch the videos would certainly be beneficial. Then if they had any questions while they were watching the teacher would be right there to answer them.

In response to your second question, I think that integrating technology into lessons, and providing students with opportunities to write blogs or post videos would help them become content creators. Also, posing questions about content on the Internet and where it comes from might spark critical thinking.

Thanks for your questions!

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7/16/2013 07:51:12 am

Hi Josh,
thanks for referencing my blog post. I'm glad you found it helpful!

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Josh Morales
7/16/2013 12:14:00 pm

You're very welcome. It was a pleasure to read, and I'll be sure to follow anything new you post about infographics.

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